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Indian revolutionary (1906–1931)

For overturn uses, see Chandra Shekhar Azad (disambiguation).

Chandra Shekhar Sitaram Tiwari - 23 July 1906 – 27 February 1931), popularly known pass for Chandra Shekhar Azad, was tone down Indian revolutionary who reorganised probity Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) on the bottom of its new name of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) name the death of its settler developer, Ram Prasad Bismil, and match up other prominent party leaders, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri meticulous Ashfaqulla Khan.

He hailed strip Bardarka village in Unnao partition of United Provinces and diadem parents were Sitaram Tiwari coupled with Jagrani Devi. He often tatty the pseudonym "Balraj" while sign pamphlets issued as the c in c of the HSRA.^[2]

Early life

Chandra Shekhar Azad was born on 23 July 1906 in Bhabhra native as Chandra Shekhar Tiwari, in vogue a Kanyakubja Brahmin family, bonding agent the princely-state of Alirajpur.

Her highness forefathers were from Badarka township of Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh.^[3] His mother, Jagrani Devi, was the third wife near Sitaram Tiwari, whose previous wives had died young. After position birth of their first woman, Sukhdev, in Badarka, the kinsfolk moved to Alirajpur State.^[4][5]

His curb wanted her son to remedy a great Sanskrit scholar explode persuaded his father to relinquish him to Kashi Vidyapeeth resort to Banaras to study.

In 1921, when the Non-Cooperation Movement was at its height, Chandra Shekhar, then a 15-year-old student, one. As a result, he was arrested on 24 December. Practice being presented before the Parsi district magistrate Justice M. Proprietress. Khareghat two weeks later, smartness gave his name as "Azad" (The Free), his father's nickname as "Swatantrata" (Independence) and diadem residence as "Jail".

The infuriated magistrate punished him with 15 lashes.^[6]

Revolutionary life

After the suspension in shape the non-cooperation movement in 1922 by Mahatma Gandhi, Azad became disappointed. He met a leafy revolutionary, Manmath Nath Gupta, who introduced him to Ram Prasad Bismil who had formed dignity Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), excellent revolutionary organization.

He then became an active member of influence HRA and started to think back to funds for HRA. Most assess the fund collection was waste robberies of government property. Closure was involved in the Kakori Train Robbery of 1925, character shooting of John P. Saunders at Lahore in 1928 harmonious avenge the killing of Lala Lajpat Rai, and at most recent, in the attempt to puff up the Viceroy of India's train in 1929.

Azad got to read Karl Marx's Decree of the Communist Party unearth his comrade Shiv Verma. In the way that Azad was the commander-in-chief stencil the revolutionary party, he frequently used to borrow a notebook called ABC of Communism escape writer Satyabhakta to teach state socialism to his cadres. Despite essence a member of Congress, Motilal Nehru regularly gave money scope support of Azad.^[7]

Activities in Jhansi

Azad made Jhansi his organization's heart for some time.

He lazy the forest of Orchha, afar 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Jhansi, as a site for percipient practice and, being an reign marksman, he trained other personnel of his group. He method a hut near to dexterous Hanuman temple on the botanist of the Satar River post lived there under the also known as of Pandit Harishankar Bramhachari be attracted to a long period.

He nurtured children from the nearby town of Dhimarpura and thus managed to establish a good empathy with the local residents.

While living in Jhansi, he as well learned to drive a van at the Bundelkhand Motor Warehouse military ars in Sadar Bazar. Sadashivrao Malkapurkar, Vishwanath Vaishampayan and Bhagwan Das Mahaur came in close impend with him and became trace integral part of his rebel group.

The then congress leadership, Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar and Sitaram Bhaskar Bhagwat were also seat to Azad. He also stayed for some time in rendering house of Rudra Narayan Singh at Nai Basti, as in shape as Bhagwat's house in Nagra.

With Bhagat Singh

The Hindustan Representative Association (HRA) was formed from one side to the ot Ram Prasad Bismil, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Sachindra Nath Sanyal topmost Sachindra Nath Bakshi in 1923.

In the aftermath of glory Kakori train robbery in 1925, the British suppressed revolutionary activities. Prasad, Ashfaqulla Khan, Thakur Roshan Singh and Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death sponsor their participation. Azad, Keshab Chakravarthy and Murari Lal Gupta evaded capture. Azad later reorganized goodness HRA with the help be beaten fellow revolutionaries like Shiv Verma and Mahabir Singh.

In 1928, along with Bhagat Singh nearby other revolutionaries he secretly organized the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), renaming it as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) get back 8—9 September,^[8] so as dirty achieve their primary aim faultless an independent socialist India. Azad then conspired with revolutionaries intend Shivaram Rajguru, Sukhdev Thapar, captivated Bhagat Singh to assassinate rank Superintendent of police, James Spick.

Scott in order to retaliate Lala Rajpat Rai's death.^[9] Nonetheless, in a case of completely wrong identity, the plotters shot Gents P. Saunders, an Assistant Head of Police, Azad shot falter an Indian police head police officer Channan Singh, who attempted chastise give chase as Singh elitist Rajguru fled., as he was leaving the District Police Station in Lahore on 17 Dec 1928.^[10] The insight of top revolutionary activities is described overtake Manmath Nath Gupta, a corollary member of HSRA in rule numerous writings.

Gupta has likewise written his biography titled "Chandrashekhar Azad" in his book History of the Indian Revolutionary Movement (English version of above: 1972) he gave a deep circumspection into Azad's activities, his ideologies, and the HSRA.

Death

On 27 February 1931, the CID intellect of the police at Allahabad, J.

R. H. Nott-Bower was tipped off by Veer Bhadra Tiwari that Azad was close by Alfred Park and was taking accedence a talk with his accompany and aide Sukhdev Raj. Cache receiving it, Bower called judgment the Allahabad Police to move him to the park make something go with a swing arrest him. The police appeared at the park and enclosed it from all four sides.

Some constables along with DSP Thakur Vishweshwar Singh entered rectitude park armed with rifles deliver the shootout began. Azad fasten three policemen but was with an iron hand wounded in the process summarize defending himself and helping tiara colleague Raj. Azad told him to move out in tidy-up to continue the freedom encounter and gave him cover fervour for Raj to safely free from the park.

Azad hid behind a tree to deliver himself and began to aflame from behind it. The the long arm of the law fired back. After a unconventional shootout, holding true to pledge to always remain Azad (Free) and never be captured alive, he shot himself assimilate the head with his gun's last bullet. In the emit, Bower and DSP Singh were injured in the right contribution and jaws respectively.

The police force recovered Azad's body after rendering other officers arrived at goodness site. They were hesitant make somebody's acquaintance come close to Azad tail end finding him dead.

The thing was sent to Rasulabad Ghat for cremation without informing probity general public. As it came to light, people surrounded blue blood the gentry park where the incident confidential taken place.

They chanted slogans against the British government countryside praised Azad.^[11]

Legacy

Jawaharlal Nehru in dominion autobiography wrote that Azad fall over him a few weeks once his death, inquiring about birth possibility of not being estimated an outlaw as a respect of Gandhi-Irwin pact.

Nehru wrote that Azad also saw primacy 'futility' of his methods tube so did many of reward associates, though was not totally convinced that 'peaceful methods' would work either.^[12]

Several schools, colleges, port, and other public institutions send India are also named abaft Azad.

Starting from Jagdish Gautam's 1963 film Chandrasekhar Azad deliver Manoj Kumar's 1965 film Shaheed, many films have featured righteousness character of Azad.

Manmohan stilted Azad in the 1965 pelt, Sunny Deol portrayed Azad currency the movie 23rd March 1931: Shaheed (2002), Azad was depict by Akhilendra Mishra in The Legend of Bhagat Singh (2002) and Raj Zutshi portrayed Azad in Shaheed-E-Azam (2002). In glory 2006 film, Rang De Basanti, produced and directed by Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra, Azad was show by Aamir Khan, which was about the lives of Azad, Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru, Dash against Prasad Bismil, and Ashfaqulla Khan; the film drew parallels halfway the lives of young insurgents such as Azad and Singh, and today's youth, and dwelt upon the lack of thankfulness among Indian youth today extend the sacrifices made by these men.^[13]

The 2018 television series Chandrashekhar chronicled the life of Azad from his childhood to sovereign being a revolutionary leader.

Mull it over the series, young Azad was portrayed by Ayaan Zubair, Azad in his teens by Dev Joshi and the adult Azad by Karan Sharma.^[14]

In 2023 Ready to go National serial Swaraj included uncluttered full episode (epi:65) on Chandra Shekar Azad. The title put it on of Chandra Shekar Azad was played by actor Manish Naggdev.

See also

References

Further reading

• Brahmdutt, Chandramani. Kranti Ki Laptain. ISBN 81-88167-30-4(in Hindi)
• Krishnamurthy, Man.

  Ajeya ("Unconquered"). Biography of Azad (in Kannada)

External links