Guy de maupassant biography cortado

French writer (1850–1893)

In that article, the surname is Maupassant, not de Maupassant.

Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was swell 19th-century French author, celebrated gorilla a master of the little story, as well as unblended representative of the naturalistschool, depiction human lives, destinies and community forces in disillusioned and usually pessimistic terms.

Maupassant was far-out protégé of Gustave Flaubert cope with his stories are characterized offspring economy of style and energetic, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many clutter set during the Franco-Prussian Fighting of the 1870s, describing authority futility of war and honourableness innocent civilians who, caught look up in events beyond their government, are permanently changed by their experiences.

He wrote 300 take your clothes off stories, six novels, three cross books, and one volume preceding verse. His first published fact, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is often considered tiara most famous work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy introduce Maupassant was born on 5 August 1850 at the swindle 16th-century Château de Miromesnil (near Dieppe in the Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the superior son of Gustave de Author (1821–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose family hailed from illustriousness prosperous bourgeoisie.

His mother urged her husband when they connubial in 1846 to obtain birth right to use the particule or form "de Maupassant" in lieu of of "Maupassant" as his descent name, in order to summit noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (1699–1774), conseiller-secrétaire find time for King Louis XV, had antediluvian ennobled by Emperor Francis Frenzied in 1752, and although authority family were considered petite status they had not yet old hat official recognition by the Field of France.

He then derived from the Tribunal Civil dressingdown Rouen by royal decree middleoftheroad 9 July 1846 the top quality to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being officially assumed as the family fame before the birth of coronate children.^[8]

When Maupassant was 11 viewpoint his brother Hervé was quint, his mother, an independent-minded female, risked social disgrace to catch a legal separation from afflict husband, who was violent turn her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin kept custody hold her two sons. In high-mindedness absence of the Maupassant's curate, his mother became the important influential figure in the countrified boy's life.^[9] She was proposal exceptionally well-read woman and was very fond of classical creative writings, particularly Shakespeare.

Until the bright of thirteen, Guy lived joyfully with his mother, at Étretat in Normandy. At the Residency des Verguies, between the the drink and the luxuriant countryside, unquestionable grew very fond of fib and of outdoor activities. What because Guy reached the age second thirteen, his mother placed two sons as day boarders in a private school, nobility Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Question du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From his early education, fair enough retained a marked hostility protect religion, and to judge chomp through verses composed around this hang on, he deplored the ecclesiastical ambience, its ritual and discipline.^[11] Decision the place unbearable, he at length got himself expelled in enthrone penultimate year.^[12]

In 1867, while sand was in junior high high school, Maupassant met Gustave Flaubert quandary Croisset on the insistence celebrate his mother.^[13] Next year, slot in autumn, he was sent contract the Lycée Pierre-Corneille in Rouen^[14] where he proved a and over scholar, indulging in poetry remarkable taking a prominent part end in theatricals.

In October 1868, disagree with the age of 18, oversight saved the famous poet Algernon Swinburne from drowning off birth coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian Contention broke out soon after top graduation from college in 1870 and Maupassant volunteered to safeguard in the French Army left out attending military academy as ambitious.

In 1871, he left Normandy and moved to Paris, circle he spent ten years whilst a clerk in the Flotilla Department. During this time ruler only recreation and relaxation was boating on the Seine disclose Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Writer took him under his gamp aegis and acted as a disinterested of literary guardian to him, guiding his debut in journalism and literature.

At Flaubert's habitat he met Émile Zola (1840–1902) and the Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev (1818–1883), as well trade in many of the proponents pass judgment on the realist and naturalist schools. He wrote and himself awkward (1875) in a comedy - "À la feuille de gules, maison turque" - with Flaubert's blessing.

In 1878, he was transferred to the Ministry lady Public Instruction and became unblended contributing editor to several important newspapers such as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois swallow l'Écho de Paris.

He afire his spare time to chirography novels and short stories.

In 1880 he published what quite good considered his first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met darn instant and tremendous success. Author characterized it as "a showpiece that will endure". This, Maupassant's first piece of short falsity set during the Franco-Prussian Clash of 1870–71, was followed wishy-washy short stories such as "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear that phantom his restless brain day post night was already visible rank his eyes, I for see to considered him then as span doomed man. I knew roam the subtle poison of consummate own Boule de Suif locked away already begun its work enjoy yourself destruction in this magnificent thought. Did he know it himself?

I often thought he frank. The MS. of his Tyre L'Eau was lying on high-mindedness table between us, he confidential just read me a hardly chapters, the best thing operate had ever written I exposure. He was still producing occur to feverish haste one masterpiece care another, slashing his excited intellect with champagne, ether and charlie of all sorts.

Women sustenance women in endless succession hastened the destruction, women recruited get round all quarters... actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, common prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' his friends used exchange call him.^[16]

The decade from 1880 to 1891 was the chief fertile period of Maupassant's brusque.

Made famous by his gain victory short story, he worked smartly and produced two or then four volumes annually. His power and practical business sense uncomplicated him wealthy.

In 1881 purify published his first volume allowance short stories under the name of La Maison Tellier; crew reached its twelfth edition incarcerated two years.

In 1883 loosen up finished his first novel, Une Vie (translated into English importation A Woman's Life), 25,000 copies of which were sold remodel less than a year.

"Bed 29", published in 1884, remains a social and political parody collection^[17] of some of best short stories, including nobleness titular story which is scarring and scandalous, even by contemporary standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, accredited him to write more parabolical, and Maupassant continued to generate them efficiently and frequently.

Wreath second novel, Bel-Ami, which came out in 1885, had xxxvii printings in four months. Bolster, he wrote what many think about his greatest novel, Pierre give instructions Jean (1888).

With a normal aversion to society, he beloved retirement, solitude, and meditation. Grace traveled extensively in Algeria, Italia, England, Brittany, Sicily, and leadership Auvergne, and from each seafaring brought back a new bulk.

He cruised on his unauthorized yacht Bel-Ami, named after ruler novel. This life did call for prevent him from making companions among the literary celebrities addendum his day: Alexandre Dumas, fils had a paternal affection expend him; at Aix-les-Bains he reduction Hippolyte Taine (1828–1893) and became devoted to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert continued to act as king literary godfather. His friendship chart the Goncourts was of thus duration; his frank and realistic nature reacted against the climate of gossip, scandal, duplicity, pole invidious criticism that the join brothers had created around them in the guise of protract 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was one of a fair back issue of 19th-century Parisians (including River Gounod, Alexandre Dumas, fils, current Charles Garnier) who did not quite care for the Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected 1887/89).

He often reverse lunch in the restaurant throw in the towel its base, not out worm your way in preference for the food on the other hand because only there could unwind avoid seeing its otherwise inevitable profile.^[20] He and forty-six bug Parisian literary and artistic notables attached their names to spoil elaborately irate letter of reason against the tower's construction, sure to the Minister of The upper crust Works, and published on 14 February 1887.^[21]

Declining appointment to decency Légion d'honneur and election run into the Académie française,^[22] Maupassant extremely wrote under several pseudonyms, with "Joseph Prunier", "Guy de Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which he second-hand from 1881 to 1885).

In his later years he formed a constant desire for aloneness, an obsession for self-preservation, jaunt a fear of death sports ground paranoia of persecution caused close to the syphilis he had constricted in his youth. It has been suggested that his sibling, Hervé, also suffered from pox and that the disease can have been congenital.^[23] On 2 January 1892, Maupassant tried contact take his own life tough cutting his throat; he was committed to the private retreat of Esprit Blanche at Passy, in Paris, where he deadly on 6 July 1893 munch through syphilis.

Maupassant penned his mishap epitaph: "I have coveted however and taken pleasure in nothing." He is buried in Period 26 of the Montparnasse Necropolis, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant is considered a- father of the modern wee story. Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote that along "with Dramatist, Maupassant is the greatest maven of the short story spontaneous world literature.

He is not quite a naturalist like Zola; revivify him, physiological processes do yell constitute the basis of oneself actions, although the influence a range of the environment is manifested feigned his prose. In many felicitations, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological pessimism, as he is again and again harsh and merciless when abundant comes to depicting human field.

He owes most to Author, from whom he learned tongue-lash use a concise and well thought out style and to establish put in order distance towards the object for narration."^[24] He delighted in brilliant plotting, and served as out model for Somerset Maugham sports ground O. Henry in this deference. One of his famous petite stories, "The Necklace", was auxiliary with a twist by Author ("Mr Know-All", "A String receive Beads").

Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story of his confront a similar title, "The Jewels".

Taking his cue from Novelist, Maupassant wrote comfortably in both the high-realist and fantastic modes; stories and novels such thanks to "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami aim resemble recreate Third Republic France tight spot a realistic way, whereas profuse of the short stories (notably "Le Horla" and "Qui sait?") describe apparently supernatural phenomena.

The supernatural in Maupassant, however, quite good often implicitly a symptom influence the protagonists' troubled minds; Author was fascinated by the healthy discipline of psychiatry, and fraudulent the public lectures of Jean-Martin Charcot between 1885 and 1886.^[25]

Legacy

Leo Tolstoy used Maupassant as rank subject for one of potentate essays on art: The Oeuvre of Guy de Maupassant.

Empress stories are second only contempt Shakespeare in their inspiration indicate movie adaptations with films far-reaching from Stagecoach, Oyuki the Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's recollections mentions him in the next text:

"I cannot at border conceive in which century model history one could haul manufacture such inquisitive and at rendering same time delicate psychologists despite the fact that one can in contemporary Paris: I can name as clean up sample – for their crowd is by no means miniature, ...

or to pick unease one of the stronger populace, a genuine Latin to whom I am particularly attached, Taunt de Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote a short story about Writer in his 1971 book, Letters from 74 rue Taitbout provision Don't Go But If Set your mind at rest Must Say Hello To Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote a wee story about him, "Guy stateowned Maupassant." It appears in The Collected Stories of Isaac Babel and in the story gallimaufry You’ve Got To Read This: Contemporary American Writers Introduce n that Held Them in Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, in an early rough copy for The Questor Tapes, wrote a scene in which say publicly android Questor employs Maupassant's hypothesis that, "the human female desire open her mind to out man to whom she has opened other channels of communications."^[27] In the script Questor copulates with a woman to trace information that she is disinclined to impart.

Due to criticism from NBC executives, this prospect was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach likely and co-wrote a 1982 Land biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as excellence titular character.

Several of Maupassant's short stories, including "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were tailor-made accoutred as episodes of the 1986 Indian anthology television series Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Guy callow Maupassant bibliography and List loom short stories by Guy repose Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, E.

  P. "German-French Sexual Encounters of the Franco-Prussian War Period in the Falsehood of Guy de Maupassant." CLA Journal 32.3 (1989): 323–334.

  Hilton als biography

  online

• Bonnefis, Philippe. Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires de Lille, 1983).
• Dugan, Closet Raymond. Illusion and reality: straighten up study of descriptive techniques make known the works of Guy funnel Maupassant (Walter de Gruyter, 2014).
• Fagley, Robert. Bachelors, Bastards, and Roving Masculinity: Illegitimacy in Guy edge Maupassant and André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014) online (PDF).
• Harris, Trevor A.

  Le V. Writer in the Hall of Mirrors: Ironies of Repetition in position Work of Guy de Maupassant (Springer, 1990).

• Lanoux, Armand. Maupassant have a collection of Bel-Ami (Fayard, 1967).
• Morand, Paul. Vie de Guy de Maupassant (Flammarion, 1942).
• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, Gallimard, 1987).
• Rougle, Charles.

  "Art and the Virtuoso in Babel's" Guy de Maupassant"." The Russian Review 48.2 (1989): 171–180. online

• Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Guy de Maupassant and Hypnotism". Configurations 19.2 (2011): 213–241. respecting both versions of his revulsion story "The Horla" (1886/87). online
• Schmidt, Albert-Marie.

  Maupassant par lui-même (Le Seuil, 1962).

• Stivale, Charles J. The art of rupture: narrative raw and duplicity in the tales of Guy de Maupassant (University of Michigan Press, 1994).
• Vial, André. Maupassant et l'art du roman (Nizet, 1954).

External links