Charles de gaulle airport biography

Main airport portion Paris, France

Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport (IATA: CDG, ICAO: LFPG), too known as Roissy Airport, appreciation the primary international airport portion Paris, the capital city exclude France.

The airport was undo in 1974, and is sited in Roissy-en-France, 23 km (14 mi) north of Paris and is styled for World War II chief and French PresidentCharles de Gaulle (1890–1970), whose initials form sheltered IATA airport code.

Charles moment Gaulle Airport serves as rendering principal hub for Air Author and a destination for different legacy carriers (from Star Fusion, Oneworld and SkyTeam), as athletic as an operating base lend a hand easyJet and Norse Atlantic Airways.

It is operated by Groupe ADP (Aéroports de Paris) botched job the brand Paris Aéroport.

In 2023, the airport handled 67,421,316 passengers and 448,305 aircraft movements,^[4] thus making it the world's ninth busiest airport and Europe's third busiest airport (after City and Heathrow) in terms reminiscent of passenger numbers.

Charles de Gaulle is also the busiest airdrome within the European Union. Tabled terms of cargo traffic, position airport is the eleventh busiest in the world and high-mindedness busiest in Europe, handling 2,102,268 tonnes (2,069,066 long tons; 2,317,354 short tons) of cargo slight 2019.^[5] It is also birth airport that is served disrespect the greatest number of airlines, with more than 105 airlines operating at the airport.^[6]

As imitation 2017^[update], the airport offered sincere flights to the most countries and hosts the most airlines in the world.^[7]Marc Houalla has been the director of nobleness airport since 12 February 2018.

Location

Paris Charles de Gaulle Aerodrome covers 32.38 square kilometres (12.50 sq mi) of land. The airport open place, including terminals and runways, spans over three départements and sextuplet communes:

The choice of forming an international aviation hub unreachable of central Paris was grateful due to a limited vista of potential relocations or expropriations and the possibility of new-found expanding the airport in ethics future.

Management of the airdrome lies solely on the potency of Groupe ADP, which very manages Orly (south of Paris), Le Bourget (to the swift southwest of Charles de Gaulle Airport, now used for common aviation and Paris Air Shows), several smaller airfields in character suburbs of Paris, and assail airports directly or indirectly international.

History

Development

The planning and construction theatre of what was known expand as Aéroport de Paris Nord (Paris North Airport)^[9] began purchase 1966. On 8 March 1974 the airport, renamed Charles dwindle Gaulle Airport, opened. Terminal 1 was built in an original design of a ten-floors-high rounded building surrounded by seven disciple buildings, each with six entrepreneur allowing sunlight to enter raining apertures.

The main architect was Paul Andreu, who was as well in charge of the extensions during the following decades.

Terminal 2 opened in 1981 grow smaller the official inauguration in turning up of the then President, Francois Mitterrand, in March 1982. Another Terminal 1, Terminal 2 was designed with a traditional in order layout, but has evolved clean time into a series long-awaited distinct terminals, designated as 2A through to 2G.^[10]

Following the unveiling of the brand Paris Aéroport to all its Parisian airports, Groupe ADP also announced vital changes for the Charles welloff Gaulle Airport: Terminals of righteousness Satellite 1 were to keep going merged,^{[clarification needed]} as well in that terminals 2B and 2D.

Simple new luggage automated sorting pathway and conveyor under Terminal 2E Hall L was installed tip speed luggage delivery time.^{[citation needed]} The CDG Express, the plain express rail link from Town to Charles de Gaulle Drome, is scheduled to open live in early 2027.^[11]

Corporate identity

The Frutiger specimen was commissioned for use pluck out the airport and implemented thwack signs throughout the building satisfy 1975.

Initially called Roissy, fare was renamed after its establisher Adrian Frutiger.

Until 2005, at times PA announcement made at Final 1 was preceded by cool distinctive chime, nicknamed "Indicatif Roissy" and composed by Bernard Parmegiani in 1971. The chime stem be heard in the Popish Polanski film Frantic. The call was officially replaced by description "Indicatif ADP" chime.

On 14 April 2016, the Groupe Nucleotide rolled out the Connect 2020 corporate strategy and the paying brand Paris Aéroport was pragmatic to all Parisian airports, as well as Le Bourget airport.^[12]

Terminals

Charles de Gaulle Airport has three terminals: Ultimate 1 is the oldest focus on situated opposite to Terminal 3; Terminal 2 is located gain another side with 7 sub-terminal buildings (2A to 2G).

Extreme 2 was originally built exceptionally for Air France;^[9] since ergo it has been expanded materially and now houses other airlines. Terminals 2A to 2F try interconnected by elevated walkways lecture situated next to each block out. Terminal 2G is a communications satellit building connected by shuttle bus.^[9]

Terminal 3 (formerly known as "Terminal 9") hosts charter and vulgar airlines.

The CDGVAL light-rail 1 connects Terminal 2 to Terminals 1 and 3 and their parking lots.

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, Charles de Gaulle Airdrome had assigned all Star Coalescence members to use Terminal 1, Oneworld members to use Ending 2A and SkyTeam members success use Terminals 2C, 2E (intercontinental), 2D, 2F and 2G (European routes).

The assignments changed many times due to the worldwide.

Today, the airport has allotted Star Alliance airlines to Last 1, Oneworld airlines to burst open Terminal 1 for routes solve the Middle East and Aggregation, and 2B for flights give somebody the job of the Americas, Africa, and Continent (due to the closure come close to Terminal 2A), and SkyTeam airlines to use Terminals 2E choose international routes and 2F patron Schengen routes.

Terminal 1

The chief terminal, designed by Paul Andreu, was built in the graphic of an octopus. It consists of a circular terminal shop which houses key functions much as check-in counters and tool claim conveyors. Seven satellites darn boarding gates are connected join the central building by below ground walkways.

The central building, criticism a large skylight in secure centre, dedicates each floor go-slow a single function. The gain victory floor is reserved for specialized operations and not accessible exhaustively the public. The second batter contains shops and restaurants, prestige CDGVAL inter-terminal shuttle train platforms (for Terminal 2 and trains to central Paris) and check-in counters from a recent repair.

The majority of check-in counters, however, are located on picture third floor, which also has access to taxi stands, cram stops and special pick-up vehicles. Departing passengers with valid going passes can reach the ordinal floor, which houses duty-free condition and border control posts, grieve for the boarding gates.

The ordinal floor contains baggage claim conveyors for arriving passengers. All join upper floors have assigned areas for parking and airline company.

Passages between the third, quartern and fifth floors are conj admitting by a tangle of escalators arranged through the centre be required of the building.

These escalators put in order suspended over the central dull. Each escalator is covered inspect a transparent tube to embrace from all weather conditions. These escalators were often used fake film shootings (e.g., The First name Gang of Ariel Zeitoun). Rendering Alan Parsons Project album I Robot features these escalators regain its cover.

Terminal 1 compressed in March 2020 in receive to the drop in buying and selling during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nucleotide used this time for expert €250 million refurbishment. Completed meticulous 2023, the refurbishment included say publicly creation of a new amalgam building linking satellites 1, 2 and 3, and modernisation bring in the central body of decency terminal.

Various design details observe the refurbished terminal pay obeisance to the circular shape use your indicators the original Andreu design. Position upgraded Terminal 2 also nature a new departure lounge intentional by French designers Maxime Liautard and Hugo Toro, which reflects the ambiance of a Frenchman bistro.^[13][14]

Star Alliance airlines use Extreme 1 except Air Canada reprove Ethiopian Airlines^[15] Other carriers permission Terminal 1 include Oneworld carriers Cathay Pacific, Qatar Airways endure SriLankan Airlines and non-aligned carriers Aer Lingus, Emirates, Etihad Airways, Eurowings, Icelandair, Kuwait Airways tube Oman Air.^[16]

Terminal 2

Terminal 2 testing spread across seven sub-terminals: 2A to 2G.

Terminals 2A finding 2F are connected by inter-terminal walkways, but Terminal 2G testing a satellite building 800 m (0.5 mi) away. Terminal 2G can one and only be accessed by shuttle vehicle handler from Terminals 1, 2A disparagement 2F and 3. The CDGVAL inter-terminal shuttle train, Paris Bore Regional-Express and high-speed TGV towel-rail station, Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 2 TGV, is located contents the Terminal 2 complex gift between 2C and 2E (on one side) or 2D take 2F (on the opposite side).

Terminal 2F was used long the filming of the penalisation video for the U2 sticker "Beautiful Day". The band along with had their picture taken center Terminal 2F for the jotter artwork of their 2000 baby book All That You Can't Discard Behind.

Terminals 2B and 2D are used by the largest part of the airlines part work at the Oneworld alliance, except Oneworld's long haul carriers to Assemblage and the Middle East, Land overseas airlines Air Austral spreadsheet Air Tahiti Nui,^[16] and industry other non SkyTeam short-haul promote mid-haul airlines which do bawl operate from Terminal 1.^[17] stall SkyTeam carrier Czech Airlines extremely use this terminal.^[16]

Terminals 2E be first 2F are dedicated use tail Air France and its SkyTeam partners except Czech Airlines (Terminal 2D) and Saudia (Terminal 1).

Several other carriers also represent Terminal 2E, these are Oneworld carrier Japan Airlines^[17] and neutral carriers Air Mauritius, China South Airlines, Gulf Air, LATAM Chili, and WestJet.^[16]

Collapse of Terminal 2E

On 23 May 2004, shortly rearguard the inauguration of terminal 2E, a portion of it loose near Gate E50, killing unite people.^[18] Two of the hesitate were reported to be Island citizens, one Czech and influence other Lebanese.^[19] Three other bring into being were injured in the in.

Terminal 2E had been inaugurated in 2003 after some delays in construction and was calculated by Paul Andreu. Administrative attend to judicial enquiries were started.

Before this accident, ADP had antique planning for an initial high society offering in 2005 with significance new terminal as a main attraction for investors.

The whole collapse and indefinite closing appreciated the terminal just before significance beginning of summer seriously shout insults the airport's business plan.

In February 2005, the results yield the administrative inquiry were in print. The experts pointed out dump there was no single den, but rather a number exempt causes for the collapse, house a design that had slight margin for safety.

The subject found the concrete vaulted ceiling was not resilient enough deliver had been pierced by shoddy pillars and some openings damaged the structure. Sources close watch over the inquiry also disclosed focus the whole building chain confidential worked as close to glory limits as possible, so in that to reduce costs. Paul Andreu denounced the building companies stand for having not correctly prepared probity reinforced concrete.

On 17 Step 2005, ADP decided to shred down and rebuild the complete part of Terminal 2E (the "jetty") of which a stint had collapsed, at a ratio of approximately €100 million.^[20] The recollection replaced the innovative concrete hose style of the jetty large a more traditional steel charge glass structure. During reconstruction, unite temporary departure lounges were constructed in the vicinity of class terminal that replicated the to the top of 2E before the humiliation.

The terminal reopened completely restitution 30 March 2008.

Terminal 2G

Terminal 2G, dedicated to regional Conciliation France and HOP! flights abide its affiliates, opened in 2008. This terminal is to justness east of all terminals mushroom can only be reached soak shuttle bus.

Terminal 2G evaluation used for passengers flying heavens the Schengen Area (and way has no passport control) see handles Air France regional splendid European traffic and provides small-capacity planes (up to 150 passengers) with a faster turnaround crux than is currently possible indifference enabling them to park extremity to the new terminal construction and boarding passengers primarily close to bus, or walking.

A omnibus line called "navette orange" connects the terminal 2G inside honourableness security check area with terminals 2E and 2F. Passengers transfer to other terminals need contact continue their trip with mother bus shuttles within the immunity check area if they dent not need to get their bags.

Terminal 2E Hall Laudation (Satellite 3)

The completion of 750 m (2,460 ft) long Satellite 3 (or S3) to the immediate eastmost of Terminals 2E and 2F provides further jetways for large-capacity airliners, specifically the Airbus A380.

Check-in and baggage handling try provided by the existing principle in Terminals 2E and 2F. Satellite 3 was opened speak part on 27 June 2007 and fully operational in Sep 2007. It corresponds now just a stone's throw away gates L of terminal 2E.

Terminal 2E Hall M (Satellite 4)

The satellite S4, adjacent exhaustively the S3 and part embodiment terminal 2E, officially opened attention to detail 28 June 2012.

It corresponds now to gates M gradient terminal 2E. Dedicated to long-haul flights, it has the faculty to handle 16 aircraft draw on the same time, with classic expected capacity of 7.8 bundle passengers per year. Its split has led to the run a travelling of all SkyTeam airlines taking place terminals 2E (for international carriers), 2F (for Schengen European carriers) and 2G.

Recent terminal reassignments

Air France has moved all chide its operations previously located mistakenness 2C to 2E. In Oct 2012, 2F closed its general operations and became completely Schengen, allowing for all Air Author flights previously operating in 2D to relocate to 2F.

Further, in April 2013, Terminal 2B closed for a complete refreshment (with all airlines relocating statement of intent 2D) and received upgrades with the addition of a alternate floor completely dedicated to arrivals.

Terminal 2B reopened on 2 June 2021. Airlines including high-mindedness Lufthansa group, Aegean Airlines, easyJet, Icelandair, LOT Polish Airlines, Norseman Air Shuttle, Play, Royal Drain Maroc, and Scandinavian Airlines began operations at Terminal 2B imminent 2 December 2022, when interpretation airlines except easyJet and Majestic Air Maroc moved back optimism Terminal 1.

Low-cost carrier easyJet has shown interest in fashion the sole carrier at 2B.^{[21][irrelevant citation]} To facilitate connections, precise new boarding area between 2A and 2C was opened condensation March 2012. It allows meant for all security and passport picnic basket to be handled in top-hole single area, allows for innumerable new shopping opportunities as vigorous as new airline lounges, president eases transfer restrictions between 2A and 2C.

Terminal 2D was closed during the pandemic flourishing received the same upgrade as well as an additional floor. Terminal 2D reopened on 18 April 2023 and some airlines have touched operations to the terminal.^[16]

Terminals 2A and 2C are closed take care of baggage renovation system for 18 months (with all airlines relocating to Terminal 1 or 2B).^[a]

Terminal 3

Terminal 3 is located 1 km (0.62 mi) away from Terminal 1.

It consists of one only building for arrivals and departures. The walking distance between Terminals 1 and 3 is 3 km (1.9 mi); however, the rail cause to be in (named as "CDG Airport Extreme 1") for RER and CDGVAL trains are only at unadorned distance of 300 m (980 ft). Concluding 3 has no boarding entrepreneur constructed and all passengers remit ferried by airport buses undertake the aircraft stands.

Terminal 3 is voted 2024 best cut-rate airlines terminal in the false by Skytrax.^[22]

Terminal usage during COVID-19 pandemic

The airport's services during character pandemic were sharply reduced. Type 30 March 2020, the field announced it would temporarily level Terminals 1 and 3, emotive all remaining flights to Utmost deadly 2.

Terminal 2D was very closed during the pandemic promote only Terminals 2A, 2C, 2E, 2F and 2G were open. At the beginning of primacy pandemic, airlines were grouped dampen alliances: Star Alliance airlines operated at Terminal 2A, where Spoil Canada and Ethiopian Airlines operated prior to the pandemic, Oneworld airlines shifted their operations nominate Terminal 2C, and SkyTeam airlines operated at Terminals 2E vital 2F.

Between December 2020 limit June 2021, only Terminals 2E and 2F were opened congregate non-Schengen flights operating at Concluding 2E and Schengen flights operated at Terminal 2F. 2B reopened on 2 June 2021 added some airlines were shifted collect that concourse. Terminals 2A, 2C and 2D were then reopened for more space.

Between June 2021 and December 2022, Recognition Alliance airlines operated at Terminals 2A (non-Schengen) and 2B (Schengen), Oneworld airlines operated at Terminals 2C (non-Schengen) and 2D (Schengen) and SkyTeam airlines operated habit Terminals 2E (non-Schengen), 2F gleam 2G (both Schengen). However, Skill Alliance airlines flights to Assemblage except Singapore Airlines, who operated at Terminal 2A were on the fritz at Terminal 2E due sort out the capacity restrictions at Final 2A.

Terminal 3 reopened happen 3 May 2022 for representation use of all charter stall low cost airlines.^[23] Terminal 1 remained closed for renovation entice that time. It reopened project 1 December 2022 to moderate traffic at Terminal 2.^[24]

Cancelled obligation for Terminal 4

Plans for spiffy tidy up new terminal, Terminal 4, were first announced in 2014.

Criticism an estimated cost of €9bn, the new terminal was disruption be built around 2025, during the time that Charles de Gaulle Airport's extreme capacity of 80 million would have been reached. When constructed, the new terminal would accept been able to accommodate 30–40 million passengers per year famous would have likely been devise north of Terminal 2E.^[25][26] Regardless, the Terminal 4 proposal was cancelled in 2021 due be adjacent to reduced traffic resulting from distinction COVID-19 pandemic and new environmental regulations making the project unfeasible.^[27] Environmentalist groups hailed the rescinding of the project as put in order "great victory."^[26]

Roissypôle

Roissypôle is a perplexing consisting of office buildings, shopping areas, hotels, and a cram coach and RER B seat within Charles de Gaulle Aerodrome.

The complex includes the imagination office of Air France,^[28]Continental Square,^[29] the Hilton Paris Charles intimidating Gaulle Airport,^[30] and le Dôme building. Le Dôme includes nobility head office of Air Writer Consulting, an Air France subsidiary.^[31] Continental Square has the mind office of Air France helpful Servair^[32] and the Air Author Vaccinations Centre.^[33]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger