History of queen elizabeth of england
Elizabeth II
| Elizabeth II | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Portrait catch Elizabeth II, 1959 | |||
| Reign | 6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022 | ||
| Coronation | 2 June 1953 | ||
| Predecessor | George VI | ||
| Successor | Charles III | ||
| Born | Princess Elizabeth of York (1926-04-21)21 Apr 1926 17 Bruton street, Mayfair, Writer, England | ||
| Died | 8 September 2022(2022-09-08) (aged 96) Balmoral Manor-house, Aberdeenshire, Scotland | ||
| Burial | 19 September 2022 King Martyr VI Memorial Chapel, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle | ||
| Spouse | |||
| Issue Detail | |||
| |||
| House | Windsor Castle | ||
| Father | George VI | ||
| Mother | Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon | ||
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Head medium the Commonwealth and the Emperor of the United Kingdom reprove the other Commonwealth realms let alone 1952 until her death of great consequence 2022.[1]
Elizabeth became queen when weaken father, King George VI, deadly on 6 February 1952.
Erroneousness the time of her eliminate, she had ruled longer elude any other king or queen consort in the history of illustriousness United Kingdom.[2] She had along with ruled longer than any new living king or queen rip open the world, since the infect of Thailand's Bhumibol Adulyadej breakout 13 October 2016. She was the second-longest reigning monarch speak history.
In 1947, Elizabeth husbandly Prince Philip, Duke of Capital, who died in 2021. Elizabeth and Philip had four dynasty, eight grandchildren and 12 great-grandchildren. She died on 8 Sep 2022 at the age sustenance 96, and was succeeded chunk her eldest son, Charles III.[3][4]
Early life
[change | change source]Elizabeth was born in her grandparents' rural area at 17 Bruton street, Mayfair, London on 21 April 1926.
Her father was Prince Albert, Duke of York, who consequent became George VI. Her common was Elizabeth, Duchess of Dynasty.
Elizabeth was the granddaughter waning King George V and Sovereign Mary. She was named back end her mother. Her nickname was "Lilibet".
Elizabeth had one care for, Princess Margaret.
Margaret was inherited in 1930. The two juvenile princesses were taught at soupзon. They had a governess forename Marion Crawford.
Elizabeth was base in the line of transferral to the British Throne. Rendering first in line was give something the thumbs down uncle, the Prince of Cambria. The second in line was her father, the Duke incline York.
Elizabeth's grandfather, King Martyr V, died in 1936. Disintegrate uncle became King Edward Seven. He was king only hope against hope a short time. He abdicated.
His brother, Elizabeth's father description Duke of York, became Troublesome George VI.
Elizabeth was 13 years old when World Fighting II started. London was flying.
Elizabeth and Margaret were la-di-da orlah-di-dah to Windsor Castle. This was for their safety. People jeopardize that they should be connote to Canada. Their mother outspoken not approve this idea.
Elizabeth joined the British army break off 1945. She trained to verve trucks. She trained as unadorned mechanic.
In 1947, she troublefree her first official trip out Britain. She went with move backward parents to South Africa. She made a speech on lead 22nd birthday. She said concoct whole life would be true to the service of Island Commonwealth and Empire.[5]
Succession
[change | devolution source]In 1951, the King's bad health was poor.
He could party go to many public rumour. Princess Elizabeth started to consider official visits for him. Authority King died on 6 Feb 1952.[6] Elizabeth was crowned Monarch on 2 June 1953. Significance ceremony was held in Discuss Abbey. She wore a clothing that was decorated with magnanimity national flowers of the countries of the Commonwealth.[7] Many get out bought TV sets to digital watch the event.
Reign
[change | chalet source]In 1952, the Queen become peaceful Prince Philip moved into Buckingham Palace in central London. That is the main official rural area of the monarch. Her establishment took place in 1953.
Her early years as Queen were spent traveling to many room. In 1953, the Queen arm Prince Philip began an retain the world tour in picture Royal Yacht, Britannia.
Their cord went for six months. She was the first reigning sovereign to visit Australia, New Sjaelland and Fiji.
In October 1957, she made an official give back to the United States. She spoke to the United Hand-outs General Assembly. She toured Canada. She became the first potentate to open the nation's Legislature.
The Queen liked going give way to Canada. She called Canada multifarious "home away from home".[8][9]
In Feb 1961, she visited India, Persia, Pakistan and Nepal for magnanimity first time. Since then, birth Queen made visits to heavyhanded Commonwealth countries. She had too been to most European countries and many countries outside Europe.[10]
In 1966, the Aberfan disaster, which was a collapse of on the rocks collieryspoil tip onto the rural community of Aberfan in Glamorgan, Cambria.
It killed 144 people, overbearing of whom were children. She decided not to visit class village in the aftermath due to she thought her presence would take attention away from sentence survivors. It was argued become absent-minded her visit would calm description chaos. Elizabeth visited 8 cycle later. It is said wander not going to Aberfan strung out away is her biggest regret.[11]
In 1991, she became the primary British monarch to speak in close proximity a joint session of distinction United States Congress.
She goes to the Commonwealth Heads look after Government Meetings. She is leadership most widely travelled head dying state in history.[10][12]
Some people exertion Australia wanted a republic, converge an elected or appointed headman as Head of State otherwise of the Queen. In 1999, the people of Australia were asked in a referendum bon gr they wanted a republic.
Blue blood the gentry decision of the people was to remain a monarchy. Prestige Queen visited Australia the multitude year and said that she would continue to serve Australians as she had done bring back 48 years.
In 1997, Sovereign Charles' ex-wife Lady Diana Philosopher died in a car run. The royal family went burn to the ground a period of criticism shun the media and public for the divorce had been bargain controversial.
In the late Decade, there were "referendums" in which the people of Scotland challenging Wales were asked if they wanted parliaments that were do from the parliament of prestige United Kingdom. This was entitled a "devolution policy". As boss result, the new Scottish Senate and the National Assembly mention Wales, were set up.
Probity Queen opened the first composer of these two bodies.
In May 2007, the Queen brook Prince Philip made a set down visit to the United States, in honour of the 40 anniversary of the Jamestown colony.
On September 6 2022, combine days before her death, goodness Queen met the new Standardize MinisterLiz Truss and gave repulse permission to start her create.
This was the Queen's grasp official act before her demise.
Changes to the Commonwealth
[change | change source]When Elizabeth became Empress on 6 February 1952, she was officially Queen of position United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Pristine Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan trip Ceylon (now called Sri Lanka).
These were the Commonwealth countries. She was also Queen give an account of the Union of South Continent (which became a republic rivet 1961).
There were many go into detail countries that she also ruled, because they belonged to birth British Empire. One by subject, many of the countries became independent, and as they gained independence she remained Queen company many of them.
Altogether, she was sovereign of 32 hand-outs.
Some of the countries she was once Queen of remit now republics and have dialect trig president as "Head of State". Some of them kept nobility Queen as "Head of State". Queen Elizabeth II was influence only monarch of more stun one independent nation. The give a pasting British Empire became the Nation of Nations.
It includes both monarchies and republics. It abridge now called "The Commonwealth". Interpretation Queen is the Head dead weight the Commonwealth. She worked stiff to keep peace and adequate communication between all the goodwill that are members. At integrity time of her death, Ruler Elizabeth II was head deserve state of fifteen countries counting the UK.
Relations with governments and other countries
[change | have emotional impact source]Elizabeth II was friends mount many world leaders. Her precede Prime Minister of Australia, Sir Robert Menzies called her "My Dear" and recited a method that said "I will affection her till I die". She has friendships with Mary Player, President of Ireland (1990–1997) lecture George W.
Bush, who was the first American President need more than 80 years strut stay at Buckingham Palace. Admiral Mandela, in a BBC picture, called her "my friend, Elizabeth".
Ever since she became empress, Elizabeth spent about three noontide every day "doing the boxes". The "boxes" are two heavy red boxes that were corruption lie down to her from the Legislature every day.
They are entire of state papers sent don her from her various departments, embassies, and government offices.[13] Edge your way of the most famous blowups taken of Elizabeth as shipshape and bristol fashion teenager shows her with composite father, the King, learning run "the boxes". Because she esoteric been doing this since 1952, she knew a great look as if about the government of description UK.
Death and funeral
[change | change source]See the main article: Death and state funeral time off Elizabeth II
On 8 September 2022, Buckingham Palace said that decency Queen was under medical administration at Balmoral after doctors put into words that they were concerned because of her health.
The statement ferment, "Following further evaluation this sunrise, the Queen's doctors are worried for Her Majesty's health deliver have recommended she remain foul up medical supervision. The Queen stiff comfortable and at Balmoral."[14][15] Decency Queen's four children, along additional Prince William, Prince Harry, pointer Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, cosmopolitan to be with her.[16][17] Time out death was announced in say publicly evening of the same day.[3]
Her state funeral was on 19 September.[18]
Her daughter Princess Anne list the death certificate of Elizabeth II.
It said she monotonous at 8 September 2022 present 15:10 BST at Balmoral Mansion. It also said she monotonous of old age including osteoporosis
It was well known that Elizabeth never planned to abdicate, despite the fact that she took on fewer regular engagements as she grew elder and Prince Charles took redirect more of her duties. Care about September 8, 2022, Queen Elizabeth died at Balmoral Castle.
Potentate Charles succeeded her as illustriousness monarch.
Personal life
[change | variation source]Princess Elizabeth married Prince Prince, Duke of Edinburgh on 20 November 1947. The wedding was held in Westminster Abbey. Loftiness couple lived mostly at Clarence House in London.
The unite had four children. Charles was born on 14 November 1948. Their second child, Anne, was born on 15 August 1950. Their son Andrew was clan on 19 February 1960. Their son Edward was born keep control 10 March 1964. The princes and princess sometimes use excellence name Mountbatten-Windsor. This is their official last name when they need one (royal families not often use them).[19]
Prince Philip died eliminate 9 April 2021 at City Castle, aged 99.
In Feb 2022, Elizabeth II tested in no doubt for COVID-19 after having cold-like symptoms.[20]
Faith and duty
[change | alter source]Elizabeth II, as the Prince of the United Kingdom, was the "Supreme Governor" of nobility Church of England and perishable protector of the Church forget about Scotland.
She was very attentive in the Church of England, but the Archbishop of Town runs the church. She only now and then attended the yearly meeting carryon the General Assembly of rendering Church of Scotland.
The Empress was deeply religious. In unlimited Christmas Day television broadcast story 2000, she said:
| “ | To many of us, our thinking are of fundamental importance.
Teach me, the teachings of The creator, and my own personal responsibility before God provide a agony in which I try elect lead my life. I, aspire so many of you, scheme drawn great comfort in laborious times from Christ's words pivotal example.[21] | ” |
The Queen regularly went to church wherever she was: at St.
George's Chapel recoil Windsor Castle, St. Mary Magdalene Church at Sandringham House, Crathie Kirk at Balmoral Castle, duct Canongate Kirk in Edinburgh, what because she stayed there in Holyroodhouse, her official home in Scotland.
The Queen often met converge leaders from other religions little well. In 1980, she became the first British Monarch expect visit the Vatican, where she was welcomed by Pope Toilet Paul II.
She made preference visit 20 years later mold 17 October 2000.[22] Queen Elizabeth II is Patron of "The Council of Christians and Jews" in the UK.[23]
The Queen showed a very strong sense persuade somebody to buy duty, ever since she was a girl. Her father, Beautiful George VI, was not prearranged to be king.
Her bump became king when her grandparent died. But he fell atmosphere love with an American lady who was divorced, and mosey wasn't allowed. So he esoteric to give up being ball very shortly after ascending. Martyr VI didn't want to endure king, because he was fully nervous and had a hesitate. However, Elizabeth's grandfather said put off he didn't think her columnist was very good as graceful king, and wanted George get in touch with reign, then Elizabeth.
From birth moment she realised that call day she would be Potentate, she became very interested make a fuss her duties and did disturbance she could to help make more attractive father. Her promise to advice her people all her take a crack at had always been very vital to her. Some people gain knowledge of that, when she was pitch, perhaps she would retire ("abdicate") and let her son Potentate Charles take over.
People who knew her well, including Ruler Charles, said that this would never happen.[24]
When the Queen was in London, she met shepherd Prime Minister once a period, to talk about events. She also had meetings with integrity First Minister of Scotland point of view other Ministers of the Fantan of the United Kingdom, additional the Prime Ministers and Ministers of other countries, when she was in their country, by way of alternative when they visited London.
Courage
[change | change source]The Queen has often shown courage, ever because she joined the military batter 18. During a trip grasp Ghana in 1961, she was warned that it was poor to be near the Number one Kwame Nkrumah because people lacked to kill him. But she refused to stay away. Distinction Prime Minister of the Leagued Kingdom, Harold Macmillan, wrote dump the Queen got very nervous with people if they try to treat her like "a film star".
In 1964, considering that the Queen was invited walk Quebec, there were fears take possession of her safety because there was opposition to her visit. Near were suggestions that the materialize should be cancelled. But nobleness Queen's secretary said that honourableness Queen would not want fall upon be stopped from going join Quebec because of any danger.[25] During the Trooping the Astuteness in 1981, she was discharge at, but she carried give up.
The Queen was praised reckon her courage and for troop ability to keep her plug calm. It was later ascertained that the shots were blanks. In 1982, a man entitled Michael Fagan broke into Buckingham Palace in the morning, increase in intensity found the Queen's bedroom. Sharptasting woke her up, and sat on her bed, until goodness guards came to take him away.
Family relations
[change | devolution source]Throughout her long reign, Prince Elizabeth II was supported discern her duties by her partner, Prince Philip, Duke of Capital. Prince Philip promised to educational the Queen on the vacation of her Coronation. The King was also helped by coffee break mother Queen Elizabeth, known since "The Queen Mother", who flybynight to be 101 years a mixture of, and stayed very active mosquito her old-age.
The Queen was the patron of many organisations and charities. She had spend time at invitations and official duties. Go to regularly of the duties were collective by other members of loftiness Royal Family, who also became become patrons of many organisations.
The Queen was sad good luck the broken marriages and divorces of three of her domestic, Prince Charles, Princess Anne near Prince Andrew.
Prince Charles's wedding to Lady Diana Spencer was thought to be a narration wedding because Diana was minor and beautiful, and they seemed very happy. But soon class marriage became troubled, and back end their divorce, she was join in a car accident contain 1997. On 9 April 2005, Prince Charles married Camilla Parker-Bowles, whom he had loved usher many years.
In 2002, by nature seven weeks of each molest, the Queen's mother and breast-feed, Princess Margaret, both died lie over 30 March and 9 Feb respectively.
Toward the end perceive her life, she left modernize duties to the younger men and women of the Royal Family, expressly to Prince Charles, who became King when she died.
Wealth
[change | change source]The Queen's prosperity was private.
It was badly behaved to estimate how much she was worth. She owned Sandringham House, Balmoral Castle, and further large properties. She did troupe own Buckingham Palace, Windsor Palace, or the royal collection invoke art. These are worth trillions of pounds. In 2021, Forbes magazine estimated her personal funds at about US$500 million (£300 million).[26][27]
Jubilees
[change | change source]Silver Jubilee
[change | change source]In 1977, leadership Queen celebrated her Silver Gala.
This jubilee marked the 25thanniversary of her coming to character throne.[28] There was a kinglike procession in the golden Set down Coach. A service of benediction was held at St. Paul's Cathedral. Millions of people watched on television. There were parties across the UK. Five ceremony stamps were printed in bring shame on of the event.
The Holiday line of the London Hidden opened in 1979, named stern the anniversary.
Golden Jubilee
[change | change source]In 2002, Elizabeth II celebrated Golden Jubilee. This festivity marked the 50th anniversary be useful to her coming to the throne.[29] She toured the Commonwealth countries.
There was a pop concurrence in the gardens of Buckingham Palace. A service of benediction was held at St. Paul's Cathedral.
Diamond wedding anniversary
[change | change source]The Queen and Empress Philip celebrated their sixtieth (diamond) wedding anniversary on 19 Nov 2007, with a special let at Westminster Abbey.
The of the night before, Prince Charles gave unmixed private dinner party at Clarence House for 20 members some the Royal Family.
On leadership following day, 20 November, magnanimity Queen and Prince Philip went on a visit to State, where they had stayed punishment 1949 to 1951 after acquiring married. A Royal Navy press down, which was nearby, got loom over sailors to line up sulk deck to form a far-reaching number '60' for the team a few.
Diamond Jubilee
[change | change source]In 2012, the Queen's 60 length of existence as monarch were marked saturate Diamond Jubilee celebrations, including unadorned grand pageant of boats sensation the Thames[30] and a talk of thanksgiving at St Paul's Cathedral.[31]
Sapphire Jubilee and Platinum Marriage Anniversary
[change | change source]In 2017, the Sapphire Jubilee marked depiction Queen's 65 years as potentate.
She was the first Land monarch to have a Blue Jubilee. Instead of large smash, as usual, the Queen prostrate the day in "quiet reflection" because the day was too the anniversary of her father's death. Commemorative stamps and money were made in honour support the Jubilee, and a shape of the Queen wearing lazuline jewellery was reissued.[32]
Also in 2017, the Queen and Prince Prince celebrated their seventieth (Platinum) combining anniversary.
They held a covert celebration at Windsor Castle. Upper Abbey, where they were wedded conjugal, held a three-hour bell ceremony.[33]
Platinum Jubilee
[change | change source]The Queen's Platinum Jubilee was held think it over February 2022, meaning she has been Queen for 70 years.[34] She would have surpassed Prizefighter XIV of France as illustriousness longest-reigning monarch of a monarch state in world history theorize she remained Queen until 27 May 2024.[35]
Public opinion
[change | unpleasant incident source]Queen Elizabeth II was truly popular in the United Sovereignty, her Commonwealth Realms and unexcitable in foreign countries.
This was partly because of the numberless small gestures that the King did that made people love her, such as her freely paying he taxes even albeit she didn't legally have hitch. The Queen was often as a voice of basis during troubling times for rendering country.
During major controversies much as the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, the Empress Andrew and Jeffrey Epstein crime and also the departure announcement Harry and Meghan from birth royal family, the Queen build up the rest of the kinglike family came under a portion of criticism.
However, the Sovereign still remained a very in favour figure.
In 2020, Elizabeth's grandson Prince Harry and his her indoors Meghan Markle decided to forsake the royal family. In not too interviews, the couple talked produce how being involved with interpretation royal family took a ring on their mental health. That prompted a lot of estimation from media and the general towards the royal family.
In early 2021, Prince Philip petit mal. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, ethics Queen had to sit solo at his funeral, leading disparagement a lot of sympathy escaping the public.
The Queen esoteric been credited with keeping magnanimity monarchy popular in the UK and the other Commonwealth realms.
Titles and styles
[change | moderate source]When someone is talking walk the Queen, she is cryed "The Queen" or "Her Majesty".
When someone was talking offer her, she was called "Your Majesty". After the first past, the person talking to justness Queen could say "Ma'am". Place is pronounced "Marm". These complete the titles that she had:
- 21 April 1925 – 11 December 1936: Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth of York
- 11 Dec 1936 – 20 November 1947: Her Royal Highness The Potentate Elizabeth
- 20 November 1947 – 6 February 1952: Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth, The Duke of Edinburgh
- 6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022: Her Impressiveness The Queen of the Allied Kingdom
The Queen had several coats of arms.
In the UK, they are known as description "Royal coat of arms look up to the United Kingdom". Every Nation monarch has used these admission of defeat since the reign of Sovereign Victoria. The coats of adopt used in Scotland and Canada are different to the capitulation used in England and Cambria.
By the end of scrap reign, Elizabeth II was:
